Pareto Analysis
Rank causes by frequency or impact to identify the vital few (80/20 rule)
Facilitation Guide
Run a 90-minute root cause workshop. Begin by reviewing the problem statement from Step 1 (5 min). Draw the fishbone skeleton on a whiteboard and have each person write causes on sticky notes in silence (15 min). Place and cluster notes on the fishbone, discussing as a group (25 min). Vote on the top 3 root causes using dot voting (10 min). Run 5-Why drills on the top 3 causes (25 min). Summarize findings and validate with available data (10 min).
Other Tools in Step 2
Fishbone Diagram
Cause-and-effect analysis using the 6M framework: Man (People), Machine (Equipment), Method (Process), Material (Inputs), Measurement (Metrics), Mother Nature (Environment)
5 Why Analysis
Drill down to root cause by asking "why" iteratively
Force Field Analysis
Map driving forces vs. restraining forces for change
Check Sheet
Structured tally sheet to collect and quantify data by category over time periods
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